![]() ![]() Which would change permissions of file “file.txt” to be: To change permissions you can use: sudo chmod 777 afpovertcp.cfg Now, let’s see what the OCTETS indicate:īased on that, the command would be: sudo chmod 123 This will change the owner of the file from root to ladmin and group ownership from wheel to the admin group. To change ownership of the file you can issue this command: sudo chown ladmin:admin afpovertcp.cfg In the above example, afpovertcp.cfg has the following permissions: Do not change permissions of files within /private/etc/ unless you know what you are doing. Each file/folder has a series of bit indicating “who has what access.” You will also notice 9 permission bits.įrom left to right, the first 3 “owner permissions,” second 3 “group permissions” and last 3 “everyone’s permissions.” Everyone implies all other users of the system (it is itself a group). shortcut/pointer to another file/folderĬolumn 3 indicates “owner of the file” and Column 4 “indicates group”. Now we will see the output of a terminal command “ls –l” and pay attention to the first column. These can be achieved by issuing this command sudo chmod 777 /private/etc/file.txtīut what are those 7s you may ask? They are called OCTETS. Now,we’ll assume that you wanted to grant everyone using the machine permissions to access that file. Best practice dictates to use terminal to change permissions. The local admin does not have access to modify permissions those files, only root does. We’ll assume you have a file called “file.txt” located in /private/etc/. Once you understand the OCTETS you can then navigate the file system and perform tasks, without the need to enable root, as a local admin user (use sudo). There are a number of ways to use these tools but let’s look at OCTETS. You may have guessed already that we can use chown to change file/folder ownership and chmod to change file/folder permissions. So let’s talk about file/folder permissions, namely, “chown” and “chmod”. But this is a completely different discussion. It is especially worrying that people often enable and operate their systems as the root user so they have complete access over the machine. This practice is dangerous and should never be used. Worst one being: enabling the “root” user, logging into the GUI as root, and using Finder to change file/folder permissions. ![]() Throughout my career in IT, I have seen a lot of misconceptions about command line but most importantly dangerous and bad practices to avoid using it. ![]() The GUI just provides the interface to issue calls and system calls to lower level components. As most of you will know Mac OS X is a UNIX-based Operating System based upon the Mach Kernel (see here).Īs such a lot of the functionality found in UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems, and BSD for that matter, is present and in most cases identical, as well as the binaries. ![]()
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